Lub 2um-5um nruab nrab-infrared laser muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb daim ntawv thov: qhov band no npog ob peb lub qhov rais atmospheric, ua rau nws pab tau rau LIDAR, atmospheric kev sib txuas lus, laser ranges, calibration ntawm ultra-high resolution astronomical spectrometers, thiab optoelectronic nrhiav pom, lwm. [1]; mid-infrared band muaj cov yam ntxwv spectral kab hu ua "molecular fingerprints", uas yuav siv tau rau kev kub ceev, siab daws teeb meem, siab spectral rhiab heev, lub siab teeb liab-rau-suab piv piv rau nruab nrab-infrared spectroscopy ntsuas [2] ; dej molecules nyob ib puag ncig ntawm 3um muaj lub siab nqus dej kom nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ntau yam kev kho mob; yog nyob rau hauv lub molecular covalent bonding ntawm lub nqus spectral band, uas yuav siv tau rau kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm molecular cov ntsiab lus thiab molecular hom kev qhia, mus cuag lub molecular imaging thiab thiaj li nyob.
Kev lag luam muaj nyob rau nruab nrab-infrared laser qhov chaw suav nrog OPO parametric oscillating lasers, supercontinuum spectral light sources, quantum cascade lasers, thiab fiber ntau lasers.
Qhov nruab nrab-infrared fiber ntau laser, raws li kev paub txog ntawm nruab nrab-infrared fiber ntau tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov haujlwm nquag thiab tsis muaj zog, feem ntau suav nrog cov nruab nrab-infrared laser raws li doped tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb, xws li Er3 ntxiv, Dy3 ntxiv rau doped ZBLAN fiber ntau laser. ; mid-infrared laser raws li cov nyhuv nonlinear, xws li Raman laser, super-continuum spectrum ntawm lub laser; raws li qhov hollow-core optical fiber nrog cov qauv waveguide tshwj xeeb, nrog rau cov roj sib txawv kom ua tiav cov wavelengths sib txawv. Qhov sib txawv wavelengths ntawm nruab nrab-infrared laser. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog rau kev txhim kho tas mus li thiab kev loj hlob ntawm fiber ntau laser technology, kev tshawb fawb nyob ib ncig ntawm lub mid-infrared laser technology yog kub, muaj feem xyuam rau cov thwmsim thiab cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom yog tsis muaj kawg, thiab ntawm no peb tsuas tham txog ib leeg- wavelength mid-infrared fiber ntau laser raws li. ntawm nce active fiber.
Tom ntej: ZBLAN Fiber Optic
Er raws li lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov qauv tsim muaj lub zog nplua nuj, cov khoom zoo siab rau qib zog siab dua los ntawm lub xeev av nqus ntawm lub twj tso kua mis wavelengths ntawm 655 nm, 790 nm, thiab 980 nm, thiab 1.55 um emission tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob los ntawm 4I13/2 lub zog rau qib 4I15/2 lub zog, thiab 2.8 um emission los ntawm kev hloov ntawm 4I11/2 lub zog mus rau 4I13/2 qib zog. Cov particle dhia ntawm 4F9 / 2 lub zog mus rau 4I9 / 2 lub zog theem tuaj yeem tsim 3.5um emission. Tam sim no, nws yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb kom tau txais 2.8um lasing los ntawm siab concentration doped Er: ZBLAN fibers [4]
Fluoride fiber yog siv rau 2-3um lub teeb tso zis, sulfide fiber yog siv rau 3-6.5um lub teeb tso zis, thiab ntev wavelengths tshaj 6.5um tuaj yeem tso tawm nrog halide fiber. Fluoride fiber ntau yog txhuas fluoride (AlF3), ZBLAN (53 feem pua ZrF4-20 feem pua BaF2-4 feem pua LaF3-3 feem pua AlF3-20 feem pua NaF) los yog indium fluoride (InF3) , thiab lwm yam raws li cov khoom siv matrix ntawm fluoride multi-component iav fiber. Ib qho ntawm ZBLAN tam sim no feem ntau siv optical fiber ntau, tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb doping tuaj yeem ua tiav, rau nws cov txheej txheem fusion splicing nrog silicon-raws li optical fiber yog tus paub tab, kev lag luam optical fiber ntau fusion splicing tshuab tuaj yeem siv, InF thiab AlF fiber ntau tuaj yeem ua tau. siv los ua cov khoom siv fiber ntau (xws li beam combiner) thiab tsim cov fiber ntau optic kawg caps. Tab sis yooj yim kom ya raws yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm fluoride fiber ntau.
2.8um mid-infrared nruam fiber ntau laser
Xyoo 1988, Brierley tau tshaj tawm thawj 2.7um Er3 ntxiv rau doped fiber ntau laser[5] .
Xyoo 1999, lub zog tso zis ntawm Er: ZBLAN fiber ntau laser tau ua tiav hauv qhov ntsuas watt, thiab Jackson li al [6] ua tiav lub laser tawm ntawm 1.7 W siv Er3 ntxiv / Pr3 ntxiv rau co-doped ZBLAN fiber ntau.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm fiber ntau npaj technology thiab fiber ntau laser technology, lub zog ntawm 3um-band lasers tau nce ntxiv. Ntawm lawv, Kyoto University hauv Nyij Pooj, University of Adelaide hauv Australia, Laval University hauv Canada, thiab Shenzhen University hauv Suav teb hauv chav kuaj, tau tshaj tawm cov kev sim ua tau zoo heev.
Hauv xyoo 2015, Fortin li al [7] los ntawm Laval University, Canada, tau tshaj tawm txog Er3 ntxiv rau doped fluoride fiber ntau laser nrog lub zog tso zis ntawm 30.5 W thiab cov zis wavelength ntawm 2938 nm. Lub kaw lus siv fiber ntau Bragg grating raws li intra-core etching, piv txwv li, siab thiab tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam gratings tau etched nyob rau hauv ZBLAN thiab Er: ZBLAN fibers, raws li, los tsim ib tug 10 m ntev resonant kab noj hniav, thiab lub fiber tail kawg yog kev cob cog rua. nrog rau AlF3 endcap kom txo qhov deliquescence thiab txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub laser, nrog tag nrho laser efficiency ntawm 16 feem pua ntawm 980 nm siv.
Nyob rau hauv 2018, Aydin li al [8], Laval University, Canada, ua tiav grating etching nyob rau hauv ib tug tag nrho seem ntawm Er:ZBLAN fiber, thiab ua tiav ib tug laser tso zis ntawm 41.6 W ntawm 2.8 um siv ib tug nruam fiber ntau laser nyob rau hauv ib tug dual-pumping hom. . Qhov no yog lub siab tshaj plaws paub tshaj tawm lub zog ntawm Er: ZBLAN mid-infrared fiber ntau laser.
Nyob rau hauv 2021, Chunyu Guo li al[10] los ntawm Shenzhen University tau tshaj tawm thawj 2.8um nruab nrab-infrared laser tso zis nrog tag nrho-fiber qauv ntawm lub zog ntawm 20W hauv Suav teb. Lub Er3 ntxiv: ZrF4 doped fiber ntau siv muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 15um, tus lej aperture NA ntawm li 0.12, tag nrho ntev ntawm 6.5m, qhov nqus coefficient ntawm 2-3dB/m@976nm, thiab lub siab-reflective grating (99 feem pua HR-FBG) thiab qis-reflective grating (10 feem pua OC-FBG) ncaj qha sau rau ntawm qhov nce fiber ntau, nrog lub nruab nrab wavelength ntawm 2825 nm, uas tsim cov kab noj hniav resonance nrog Er fiber. Raws li pom nyob rau hauv daim duab ▼ fusion bonding txheej txheem ntawm silicon-raws li thiab ZBLAN fibers, raws li zoo raws li fusion bonding txheej txheem ntawm lub kawg caps thiab passive fibers, nws tus kheej tsim los ntawm tus neeg sau xov xwm pab neeg, uas fabricated lub cladding optical lim thiab cov AlF3 fiber ntau lub kaus mom. Kev hloov kho qhov muag-rau-kho qhov muag yog 14.5 feem pua thaum lub twj tso kua mis lub zog yog 140W, 输出功率20.3W @ 2.8um.
In 2023, the output power of a single-ended pumped mid-infrared fiber laser was increased to 33.8 W using a coated reflector and a homemade high-performance mid-infrared fiber endcap to provide resonant cavity feedback, combined with an efficient coupling technique for high-power pumped light, and the highest laser efficiency was obtained at a power level of >30 W. [21]
Tom qab xyoo ntawm kev siv zog, cov neeg ua haujlwm fiber ntau, ua kom zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm nruab nrab-infrared fiber ntau, tam sim no siv cov khoom siv fiber ntau ua lag luam, koj tuaj yeem tau txais qis dua fusion poob, yog siv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-infrared hom field matcher, combiner / splitter. , tso zis kawg cap, thiab ntau yam ntawm lwm yam khoom siv, thiaj li mus tso cov khoom-theem tag nrho-fiber qauv ntawm nruab nrab-infrared teeb qhov chaw.
Mid-infrared Q-pulsed fiber ntau laser
Hauv 2020, Sojka li al [11] siv 30 W 975 nm laser pumped 15 um core txoj kab uas hla, 7 feem pua molar concentration Er:ZBLAN ob chav cladding fiber kom ua tiav acousto-optic Q-modulated tso zis ntawm fiber ntau laser ntawm lub wavelength ntawm 2.8 um ntawm ib tug repetition zaus ntawm 10 kHz, thiab ib tug laser tso zis nrog ib tug mem tes zog ntawm 46 uJ nyob rau hauv ib tug 1. 1 m ntev Er: ZBLAN fiber nrog ib tug mem tes ntawm ncov zog ntawm 0. 821 kW nrog ib tug pulse dav 56 ns. 2021, lawv tau siv Er:ZBLAN multimode fiber ntau nrog lub taub hau ntawm 35um thiab mem tes dav ntawm 26 ns nrog lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm 12.7 kW thiab lub zog pulse ntawm 330 uJ [12].
Hauv 2021, Shen et al. ua tiav thawj cov zis laser ntawm 2.8um siv electro-optic Q modulation. Ib ZBLAN fiber ntau nrog ib tug tub ntxhais txoj kab uas hla ntawm 33um doped nrog Er concentration ntawm 6 feem pua yog siv raws li qhov nruab nrab nce nrog NA 0.12, thiab lub electro-optic modulator raug xaiv los ua ib tug siv lead ua RTP nrog ib tug mem tes dav ntawm 13.1ns mem tes zog ntawm 205.7 uJ thiab lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm 15.7kW, uas yog lub zog siab tshaj plaws Er: ZBLAN modulated Q fiber laser paub tias tau tshaj tawm.
Mid-infrared hom-xauv ultrafast fiber ntau laser
Muaj Tm-doped fibers nyob rau hauv silicon-raws li fibers rau cov zis ntawm 2um lasers, thiab cov tshuab tau kuj mature, nrog ntau dua specifications tau tiav ib tug los ntawm ib tug raws li fiber ntau thiab ntaus ntawv technologies paub tab.
Hauv xyoo 2018, Jena University tau tshaj tawm 1000 W nruab nrab lub zog, 256 fs ntawm 2um ultrafast laser siv Tm-doped photonic siv lead ua fiber ntau nrog thaj tsam loj-tsav, 50/250-Tm-PM-PCF. qhov no yog qhov kev ntsuas siab tshaj plaws rau cov kev sim zoo sib xws txog tam sim no.
Rau lub wavelength band saum 2um, feem ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb fiber ntau tam sim no tau txais kev siv tshuab tsis siv neeg kaw, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm saturable absorption nrog rau cov teebmeem nonlinear. Cov qub siv cov ntaub ntawv nrog optically saturable absorption zog xws li hom-locked li, xws li SESAM, hlau-doped crystals xws li Fe: ZnSe, thiab lwm yam., thaum lub tom kawg siv optical nonlinear teebmeem thiab lwm yam txhais tau tias tsim kom muaj sib npaug saturable absorbers, xws li nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR), nonlinear optical voj iav (NOLM), thiab lwm yam.
Hauv xyoo 2020, Guo et al [14] tau tshaj tawm tias WSe2 nyias cov yeeb yaj kiab tau loj hlob raws li SA siv CVD thiab hloov mus rau cov iav kub-plated los ua WSe2-SAM, raws li qhov ntsuas pulse hom nrog lub mem tes dav ntawm 21 ps, qhov zaus ntawm 42. 43 MHz, thiab qhov nruab nrab lub zog ntawm 360 mW tau ua tiav siv 980 nm laser pumped nrog 6 feem pua molar concentration ntawm Er: ZBLAN fiber.
Xyoo 2022, Qin et al [15] los ntawm Shanghai Jiaotong University tau npaj InAs/GaSb superlattice SESAM siv cov txheej txheem molecular beam epitaxial txoj kev loj hlob, uas tuaj yeem hloov kho cov lus teb ntau yam ntawm cov saturable absorber, saturation zog ceev, thiab lub sij hawm rov qab thiab lwm yam tsis, thiab ua tiav qhov ruaj khov hom-xauv tso zis los ntawm 3.5um Er: ZBLAN fiber ntau laser nrog lub mem tes dav ntawm 14.8 ps, nruab nrab lub zog ntawm 149 mW, thiab rov ua dua zaus ntawm 36.56 MHz.
Nyob rau hauv 2019, Qin li al [16] los ntawm Shanghai Jiaotong University ntxiv shortened hom-locked mem tes dav rau 215 fs siv Ge rods rau dispersion tswj, nrog ib tug mem tes zog ntawm 9.3 nJ thiab lub ncov zog ntawm 43.3 kW.
Xyoo 2020, Gu et al. [17] los ntawm Shanghai Jiaotong University tau tshaj tawm lub suab paj nruag nrog 131 fs hom-xauv tso zis, 22.68 kW ncov lub zog, thiab 3 nJ mem tes zog raws li cov txheej txheem NPR rau 2.8 μm Er∶ZBLAN fiber ntau laser.
Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Huang et al [18] ua tiav ib hom-xauv tso zis nrog lub mem tes dav ntawm 126 fs thiab lub zog mem tes ntawm 10 nJ los ntawm kev siv lub 3.3 m ntev Er: ZBLAN fiber ntau ntawm 980 nm siv cov txheej txheem NPR, thiab lub Er: ZBLAN amplifier thiab ZBLAN nonlinear fiber ntau ntxiv cov mem tes dav mus rau 15.9 fs, nrog rau qhov kawg pulse zog ntawm 500 kW.
Xyoo 2022, Yu et al [19] tau npaj cov noob lub teeb pom kev nrog lub mem tes dav ntawm 283 fs siv 2.4 m ntev Er: ZBLAN fiber ntau doped nrog 7 feem pua molar concentration, thiab ntxiv compressed lub mem tes dav mus rau 59 fs siv nonlinear amplification. , tau txais lub zog nruab nrab ntawm lub zog mus txog 4.13 W, uas yog qhov siab tshaj plaws nruab nrab tso zis hluav taws xob ntawm sub-100-femtosecond hom-xauv fiber ntau laser rau hnub tim.
Csuav nrog
Mid-infrared fiber ntau laser, nrog fiber ntau laser compact, tsawg txij nkawm, siab stability, siab beam zoo thiab ntau lwm yam zoo, fluoride, sulfide, halide, hollow fiber thiab lwm yam mid-infrared fibers, los ntawm lub hwj chim, spectral, fiber optic daim ntaub ntawv. , thiab lwm yam ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm mid-infrared laser tau zoo heev txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nruab nrab-infrared laser, nrog rau nruab nrab-infrared cov ntaub ntawv thiab fiber optic technology txuas ntxiv mature, yuav muaj ntau high-zoo mid-infrared fiber ntau laser. cov khoom lag luam tuaj tawm hauv kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws, kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, kev tsim khoom lag luam, kev kho mob, thiab lwm yam kev lag luam los ua lub luag haujlwm ntau dua thiab ntau dua.
