Tsim lub tshuab laser stabilization siv los txhais tau tias kev ruaj ntseg ib qho loj, kim analog xauv - hauv amplifier. Thaum muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, cov tshuab no tuaj yeem txwv tsis pub hloov pauv, latency, thiab kev sib koom ua ke piv rau cov txheej txheem digital niaj hnub. Cov khoom siv digital leveraging digital signal processing outperformed their predecessors, which real-world case studies have shown. Puas yog laser stabilization lub neej yav tom ntej digital?
Laser stabilization yog qhov tseem ceeb. Hauv ntau qhov teeb tsa laser stabilization, lub teeb liab sawv cev ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv yog qhov tsis muaj zog thiab feem ntau faus rau hauv lub suab nrov tom qab. Ib puag ncig kev cuam tshuam thiab ntes lub suab nrov tuaj yeem yooj yim dominate qhov ntsuas, ua txhim khu kev qha extraction ntawm qhov teeb meem yuam kev nyuaj.
Txawm hais tias tshwm sim, lasers tsis tsim cov xim dawb huv thiab lub zog tas li. Txij li thaum lawv rhiab heev rau lawv ib puag ncig, kev hloov me me hauv qhov kub thiab txias, kev vibration, siab, lossis lub zog hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua rau lub laser zaus drift thiab lub zog hloov pauv. Txawm tias qhov kev hloov me me muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj hauv chav kuaj thiab kev kawm.
Rau siab - daim ntawv thov precision, xws li siab - kev daws teeb meem spectroscopy, qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg no yog qhov tsis lees txais. Cov tib neeg yuav tsum siv cov tshuab laser stabilization kom kho qhov hloov pauv thiab ntsuas lub laser cov zis rau qhov kev siv sab nraud ruaj khov heev.
Txoj kev dav dav rau stabilizing lub laser yog ib lub voj tawm tswv yim. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub teeb raug muab faib tawm thiab xa mus rau qhov kev siv ruaj khov, thiab lub ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas lub laser zaus piv rau qhov kev siv ruaj khov. Qhov teeb meem yuam kev ntawm xoom qhia tias lub laser raug kaw rau qhov kev siv, thaum deviations saum toj no los yog qis dua xoom qhia zaus drift.
Cov teeb liab yuam kev feem ntau tsis txaus ntseeg vim tias lawv tau faus rau hauv lub suab nrov tom qab. Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los rho tawm nws yog nrog lub ntsuas phoo analog -hauv amplifier- lub thawv lub cev tshwj xeeb tau kho kom pom lub teeb liab ntawm qhov zaus.
Teeb meem nrog analog xauv- hauv amplifiers
Yav dhau los, tsim lub laser stabilization system txhais tau tias yuav ib qho chaw muag khoom -ib leeg analog lock- hauv amplifier uas yuav tsum muaj lub cev xaim mus rau cov cuab yeej thiab lwm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nws ua tau zoo tab sis inflexible. Cov kws tshaj lij yuav tsum tau hloov kho lossis hloov kho kho kom hloov pauv hloov zaus.
Analog xauv-hauv amplifiers yog lub hauv paus rau kev ntsuas rhiab rau ntau xyoo lawm, vim hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm rho tawm faint signals los ntawm tsis tshua muaj suab nrov ib puag ncig, qhov twg cov ntaub ntawv raug yog qhov tseem ceeb. Lawv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau lawv lub hom phiaj, tab sis tab tom ua kom tau raws li qhov kev xav tau hloov zuj zus. Cov neeg siv tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb thiab kev teeb tsa tau yooj yim - suav nrog kev ua haujlwm ntau zaus, hom lim, thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Digital lock-nyob rau hauv amplifiers digitize input signals ntawm cov teeb liab ua algorithms rau cov filtering meej thiab multifrequency demodulation- yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Lawv yog tsim los rau siab -kev ua tau zoo, tiag- sij hawm, kev ua lej sib luag.
Kev siv cov digital replicates tag nrho cov haujlwm ntawm lub ntsuas phoo analog -nyob rau hauv lub thawv hauv cov lej ntawm cov khoom siv digital. Nws lim thiab ua cov lej kom rho tawm cov teeb liab yuam kev hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, thiab digital -rau-analog converter ces tsim qhov voltage xav tau los kho lub laser. Txoj hauv kev no tuaj yeem dhau qhov kev siv analog hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm, tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev hloov pauv thiab kev sib koom ua ke.
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua cov teeb liab digital
Txoj hauv kev niaj hnub no yog digitize lub xauv - hauv amplifier cov haujlwm tseem ceeb. Lub siab -speed analog- rau-digital converter (ADC) hloov lub suab nrov analog teeb liab los ntawm lub ntes mus rau hauv cov kwj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv digital. Digital signal processing ua lej ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no. Cov zis yog lim thiab ua tiav kom rho tawm cov teeb liab yuam kev hauv lub sijhawm.
Hloov cov cim rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv.ADC hloov cov teeb liab sib txuas txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv cov lej sib cais. Sampling lub input voltage ntawm ib tug siab, ruaj tus nqi tsim ib cov ntaub ntawv kwj uas approximates tus thawj waveform. Lub hom phiaj yog los sib piv cov teeb liab tawm tswv yim rau kev siv, feem ntau yog sine yoj.
Ua li no, lub kaw lus splits lub teeb liab input. Ob leeg tau muab faib ua ke nrog kev siv thiab 90- qib theem- hloov pauv. Tsis zoo li cov cuab yeej analog, cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis tshem tawm cov teeb liab - rau - suab nrov piv poob thaum sib faib cov teeb liab. Cov teeb liab no ces dhau los ntawm qhov zoo tib yam digital low-pass lim rau suab nrov tshem tawm thiab cov ntaub ntawv nruab nrab.
Qhov tso zis ntawm cov txheej txheem demodulation yog ob qho tseem ceeb ncaj qha tam sim no. Txhawm rau ntxuav lawv, koj siv cov ntxaij lim dej zoo li cascaded integrator zuag (CIC) lossis finite impulse teb (FIR), uas yuav tsum txwv siab -frequency signals thiab tso tawm ncaj qha tam sim no (DC) teeb liab tsis muaj suab nrov.
Ntxuav cov teeb liab.CIC yog qhov nrov vim nws yuav tsum tsis muaj lim coefficient cia lossis sib npaug. Nws tso siab rau qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev suav-koj tsuas yog xav tau kev rho tawm thiab ntxiv los siv cov lim dej no. Koj tseem tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov qis - dhau kev lim dej nrog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev suav qis dua li nrog FIR.
Thaum FIR tseem siv tau, nws yuav tsum tau txiav tsawg kawg nkaus - tawm zaus, uas ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, kev siv nyiaj ntau, thiab latency ntau dua. Yog tias koj nyiam FIR, koj tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua nrog ob lub lim dej uas sib koom ib lub rooj coefficient. Txoj kev no muab cov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, tsis tshua muaj kev suav tsis yooj yim, thiab kev siv cov peev txheej tsawg.
Tsawg kawg nkaus.Tom qab sib tov, lub teeb liab tseem yuav nrov. Txhawm rau ntxuav nws, lub xauv -hauv yuav tsum nruab nrab lub teeb liab. Qhov nruab nrab yog qhov kev ncua sij hawm ntau vim, los ntawm qhov xwm txheej, nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov tam sim ntawd thiab yuav tsum ntsuas lub sijhawm.
Yog tias koj nruab nrab lub sijhawm luv luv, cov zis yuav teb sai heev rau kev hloov pauv, tab sis koj yuav tsis lim tawm ntau lub suab nrov. Hauv qhov sib piv, qhov nruab nrab ntawm ib lub sij hawm ntev yuav tshem tawm cov suab nrov thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ruaj khov, tab sis nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev los teb thaum lub teeb liab tiag tiag hloov.
Teem lub sij hawm tas li -uas ntsuas ceev npaum li cas lub kaw lus teb rau cov tswv yim - rau tus nqi luv heev. Txawm hais tias koj cov zis yuav nrov nrov, nws yuav teb sai sai rau txhua qhov kev hloov pauv. Raws li koj maj mam nce lub sij hawm tas li, cov zis yuav pib lag. Txhawm rau kom tau txais lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws ntawm qhov nruab nrab, nres ib zaug lub teeb liab ruaj khov txaus rau kev ntsuas txhim khu kev qha.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv digital
Nrog digital xauv-hauv amplifiers, cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem hloov pauv tsis tau -xws li kev teeb tsa lim, hloov pauv zaus, thiab nce- los ntawm kev kho cov kab lus yooj yim. Tsis tas yuav kov tej khoom kho vajtse. Kev tswj hwm digital ua rau ntau txoj hauv kev, hloov kho kom ruaj khov uas nyuaj lossis tsis tuaj yeem siv nrog cov khoom siv analog.
Dhau li ntawm kev nkag siab ntau dua, qhov system no feem ntau pheej yig dua. Ib qho programmable ntaus ntawv yuav pheej yig dua li ntau lub thawv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb nrog cov khoom siv analog. Hauv qhov tiag -kev teeb tsa hauv ntiaj teb, laser stabilization systems nrog cov teeb liab ua tiav yog qhov ua tau zoo, muaj zog, thiab tus nqi- zoo.
Piv txwv, scanning probe microscopy (SPM), muab micro- thiab nanoscale nto topology maps. Feem ntau, scanning point layout yog txhais nyob rau hauv daim duab topography raster qauv. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov tswv yim no yog tias cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb yuav ploj vim tsis txaus scanning ceev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub kaw lus yuav dhau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thaum qhov kev daws teeb meem qis dua yuav txaus.
Tus maub los uas txhawb kev hloov kho scanning ua kom cov ntaub ntawv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua. Ib qho kev tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias txawm tias tus nqi qis - tus nqi digital teeb liab processor tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo sib xws rau lub xeev - ntawm - - kos duab kev lag luam microscopes los pab 16-, 18-, thiab 20-ntsis ua haujlwm. Qhov kev sim no tau pom tias muaj peev xwm ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hloov pauv, tawm ntawm lub txee los tsim cov cuab yeej muaj zog.
Qhov tob me ntsis siab dua txhais tau tias tus maub los tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov siab me me sib txawv. Kev yees duab ntawm nanoscale yuav tsum muaj qhov tseeb heev txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv me me, thiab cov txheej txheem kev cai siv ntxiv - ntawm cov laug cam kom nce qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm 14-ntsis rau 18- thiab 20-ntsis rau kev tswj thiab ntsuas zoo dua.
Laser stabilization system prototypes
Digital lock-hauv amplifiers yog qhov tseeb ntau dua li lawv cov analogues vim yog kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab theem- kev tshawb pom rhiab heev (saib daim duab. 1). Cov kev siv digital muab kev hloov pauv ntau dua thiab muaj peev xwm, txawm hais tias ntxiv kev siv nyuaj. Thaum tsim cov khoom siv analog, qee qhov yuam kev nyuaj rau kev txo qis vim muaj kev txwv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob analog.
Txawm hais tias cov kws tshawb fawb quantum optics siv cov teeb liab ua tiav los tsim cov kev tawm tswv yim sib txuas lossis cov chaw sim hauv tsev kawm ntawv qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm laser physics, cov tshuab laser stabilization no yog qhov zoo tshaj rau lawv cov analogues.
Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, cov tib neeg yuav tsum txav deb ntawm kev ntxhov siab, kho vajtse dhau mus rau cov ntse, hloov pauv software. Thaum prototyping, lawv yuav tsum teeb lub lim lub sij hawm tas li kom luv li sai tau kom sib npaug lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab yuam kev teeb liab stability. Lub stabilization tawm tswv yim voj yuav tsum ceev tshaj lub laser drift.
Lub xauv zoo- hauv kev ntsuas yog raws li qhov pom zoo siv teeb liab. Thaum siv ib qho kev siv sab nraud, lawv yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias qhov zaus tau raug txheeb xyuas tau zoo thiab tsis muaj suab nrov. Tom qab ua qee qhov kev pov hwm zoo nyob rau pem hauv ntej, lawv qhov system yuav ua haujlwm ntau ntawm legwork. Yog xav tau kev hloov kho, nws yooj yim npaum li kev hloov kab ntawm txoj cai.
Hloov mus rau kev siv digital
Stabilizing lub laser yuav tsum tau kuaj pom qhov tsis muaj zog yuam kev los ntawm lub suab nrov heev. Lub xauv- hauv amplifier excels ntawm kev rho tawm nws, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus tsim muaj sib npaug. Ib qho digital, software-txhais tau tias lub platform hloov cov khoom siv loj heev, kim kim, thiab ua rau kev tsim qauv thiab siv tau sai dua, pheej yig dua, thiab hloov tau ntau dua (saib daim duab . 2).
Hauv kev nrhiav qhov tseeb, ib zaug -loj analog lock- hauv amplifier tam sim no dhau lawm. Thaum tseem siv tau, nws cov khoom siv niaj hnub no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Txawm hais tias koj tseem siv analog lock-hauv amplifiers los ntawm xyoo 1970 los yog ua haujlwm ntawm koj thawj qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov teeb liab digital, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim pom zoo rau kev hloov kho dua tshiab.
