Tau ntev, lub tshuab laser tau paub txog nws qhov kev siv dav hauv vuam, txiav thiab kos npe, thiab nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ob xyoos no, nrog rau kev ua kom nrov nrov ntawm laser tu, lub tswv yim ntawm kev kho laser saum npoo tau dhau los ua ntau dua. kev tsom xam thiab tshwm sim hauv tib neeg lub siab. Laser ua nyob rau hauv ib tug uas tsis yog-kev sib cuag, siab yooj, siab ceev, tsis muaj suab nrov, me me tshav kub-tshem tawm tsam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub substrate, tsis consumables thiab ib puag ncig uas tsis muaj cov pa roj carbon.
Laser nto khotiag tiag muaj ntau ntau ntawm daim ntawv thov pawg ntxiv rau laser tu, xws li laser polishing, laser cladding, laser quenching thiab hais txog. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv los hloov cov physicochemical thaj chaw ntawm cov khoom nto, piv txwv li, ua rau saum npoo ua rau hydrophobic muaj nuj nqi, los yog laser pulses los tsim ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10 microns, qhov tob ntawm tsuas yog ob peb microns ntawm kev nyuaj siab me me. , raws li ib txoj hauv kev ua kom cov roughness, txhim khu cov adhesion nto, thiab lwm yam.
Ntxiv raulaser ntxuav, koj puas paub cov nram qab no hom ntawm laser nto kho?
Laser quenching
Laser hardening yog ib qho ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem rau kev ua haujlwm siab thiab ua haujlwm nyuaj, ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua thiab lub neej ntev dua rau cov khoom siv siab hnav, xws li camshafts thiab cov cuab yeej khoov.
Nws ua haujlwm los ntawm cua sov ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm uas muaj cov pa roj carbon monoxide rau qhov kub thiab txias me ntsis hauv qab qhov kub thiab txias (900 - 1400 degree , 40 feem pua ntawm cov hluav taws xob irradiated yog absorbed), kom cov pa roj carbon atoms nyob rau hauv cov hlau lattice reranged ( austenitization), thiab tom qab ntawd lub laser beam tsis tu ncua heats saum npoo nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua, thiab cov khoom nyob ib ncig ntawm lub laser beam cools down sai sai li sai tau raws li lub laser beam txav uas cov hlau lattice tsis tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau nws daim ntawv qub, ua rau martensite, uas ua rau muaj qhov no ua rau martensite thiab qhov hnyav nce ntxiv.
Qhov tob ntawm hardening txheej txheej ntawm carbon steel ua tiav los ntawm laser hardening feem ntau yog 0.1-1.5mm, thiab tuaj yeem yog 2.5mm lossis ntau dua hauv qee cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem hardening yog:
1. Lub hom phiaj cua sov input yog txwv rau ib cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam, uas ua rau tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv warpage thaum lub sij hawm machining. Cov nqi rov ua dua raug txo lossis txawm tias tshem tawm tag nrho;
2. hardening txawm nyob rau hauv complex geometries thiab precision Cheebtsam, tso cai rau lub hardening meej ntawm lub zos txwv tsis pub ua hauj lwm nto uas tsis tuaj yeem hardened los ntawm cov pa hardening txoj kev;
tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Cov txheej txheem ua kom tawv nqaij ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam vim muaj lub zog ntau dua thiab quenching, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm laser hardening lub tshav kub input tuaj yeem tswj tau meej vim laser technology thiab kub tswj. Cov khoom tseem nyob zoo pristine;
Lub hardness geometry ntawm cov khoom yuav hloov tau sai thiab "ntawm ya". Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tsis tas yuav hloov lub optics / tag nrho lub cev.
Laser plaub
Laser grossing yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem rau kev hloov kho ntawm cov khoom siv hlau. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, lub laser tsim tsis tu ncua geometries nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg los yog substrates nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua kom lub hom phiaj hloov kho cov khoom thiab tsim tshiab functions. Cov txheej txheem feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev siv hluav taws xob laser (feem ntau luv luv pulses ntawm lub teeb laser) los tsim cov geometries tsis tu ncua ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tsim tawm. Lub laser beam melts cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev tswj thiab yog solidified rau hauv cov txheej txheem teev los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim nyog.
Piv txwv li, hydrophobic nto qauv tso cai rau dej ntws tawm ntawm qhov chaw. Tsim cov qauv sub-micron rau ntawm qhov chaw nrog ultrashort pulsed lasers tso cai rau cov cuab yeej no kom pom tau, thiab cov qauv tsim tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov tseeb los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov laser tsis. Cov nyhuv rov qab, piv txwv li hydrophilic nto, kuj tuaj yeem pom tau.
Automotive panels los pleev xim, koj yuav tsum ua rau saum npoo ntawm cov phaj nyias nyias ntawm "micro-pit" txhawm rau txhim kho qhov adhesion ntawm cov xim, nrog ntau txhiab mus rau kaum tawm txhiab lub sij hawm ib lub thib ob pulsed laser beam tsom rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov sib tsoo. nyob rau hauv lub yob, nyob rau hauv lub focusing point ntawm yob nto los tsim ib tug me me soluble pas dej ua ke, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau sab ntawm lub micro-soluble pas dej ua ke tshuab, thiaj li hais tias lub soluble pas dej ua ke ntawm molten cov ntaub ntawv raws li cov kev cai yuav tsum tau ntau npaum li cas. tau pawg mus rau lub pas dej! Lub ntug ntawm qhov tsim ntawm arc-shaped tabs, cov me me tabs thiab micro-pits tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ntxhib ntawm cov khoom nto kom ua rau cov xim pleev xim, tab sis kuj txhim kho qhov tawv tawv ntawm cov khoom kom ntev lub neej kev pab cuam.
Qee lub zog yog tsim los ntawm kev teeb tsa laser, xws li cov khoom sib txhuam lossis cov hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity ntawm qee cov khoom siv hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, laser structuring tsub kom lub zog sib txuas thiab kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm lub workpiece.
Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, kev tsim cov txheej txheem laser ntawm qhov chaw yog ntau tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig, tsis tas yuav muaj cov tshuaj abrasive ntxiv lossis tshuaj lom neeg; repeatable thiab meej, lasers pab tswj cov qauv uas raug rau micron thiab yooj yim heev rau replicate; tsis tshua muaj txij nkawm, lasers tsis muaj kev sib cuag thiab yog li ntawd tsis hnav tsis pub piv rau cov cuab yeej siv tshuab ceev ceev; thiab tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua tom qab ua tiav, tsis muaj melts lossis lwm yam machining residues nyob hauv qab ntawm laser-processed ib feem.
Laser Dazzle nto tiav
Laser tempering feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv laser dazzling nto kho mob, kuj hu ua laser colour marking. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem yog tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob laser, cov hlau hauv zos cua sov kom me ntsis hauv qab nws cov ntsiab lus melting, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim nyog, lub sij hawm no, cov qauv ntawm lub rooj vag yuav hloov; Nyob rau hauv lub nto ntawm lub workpiece yuav tsim ib tug oxide txheej, txheej ntawm zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv lub teeb irradiation, qhov teeb meem lub teeb cuam tshuam thiaj li muaj ntau yam tempering xim nyob rau lub sij hawm no, lub nto ntawm txheej generated los ntawm no txheej ntawm cov yeeb yuj cim txheej, nrog rau tsis tas yuav hloov lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev soj ntsuam, cov cim cim yuav raug hloov tawm ntawm ntau yam xim sib txawv.
Cov xim no nyob twj ywm kub txog li approx. 200 degree. Thaum kub siab dua, lub rooj vag rov qab mus rau nws qhov qub qub - lub cim ploj. Qhov saum npoo zoo yog khaws cia tsis tu ncua. Cov qib siab ntawm kev ruaj ntseg thiab traceability tau ua tiav hauv kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv cuav. Ntxiv nrog rau cov cim dub tshiab nrog ultrashort pulsed lasers, uas tau dhau los ua qhov zoo hauv kev kho mob thev naus laus zis hauv xyoo tas los no, nws kuj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom cim thiab yog li rau qhov tshwj xeeb traceability raws li UDI cov lus qhia.
Laser melting
Nws yog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntxiv tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv hlau thiab hlau-ceramic hybrid. Nrog rau qhov no, 3D geometry tuaj yeem tsim lossis hloov kho. Siv txoj kev tsim khoom no, lasers kuj tuaj yeem siv los kho lossis txheej. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub aerospace sector, additive manufacturing yog siv los kho turbine hniav.
Hauv cov cuab yeej thiab pwm tsim, tawg lossis hnav cov npoo thiab zoo li qhov chaw ua haujlwm tuaj yeem kho, lossis txawm tias hauv zos armored. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev hnav thiab corrosion, qhov chaw bearing, rollers lossis hydraulic Cheebtsam yog coated nyob rau hauv lub zog technology los yog petrochemistry. Additive manufacturing kuj siv nyob rau hauv automotive manufacturing. Ntau yam khoom raug hloov kho ntawm no.
Nyob rau hauv cov pa laser hlau cladding, lub laser beam thawj zaug hauv zos heats lub workpiece thiab ces tsim ib tug molten pas dej ua ke. Cov hmoov hlau zoo yog ces txau ntawm lub nozzle ntawm lub laser ua lub taub hau ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke. Thaum lub sij hawm high-speed laser hlau melting, cov hmoov hais twb rhuab yuav luag melting kub saum lub substrate nto. Yog li ntawd, tsawg dua lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau yaj cov hmoov hais.
Cov nyhuv: ib qho tseem ceeb nce hauv cov txheej txheem ceev. Vim muaj cov teebmeem thermal me me, kev kub ceev laser hlau melting kuj ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua rau cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj kev kub ntxhov heev, xws li aluminium alloys thiab cam khwb cia hlau alloys. Nrog cov txheej txheem HS-LMD, qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw siab txog li 1500 cm² / min tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug, thaum pub tus nqi txog li ob peb puas meters ib feeb tuaj yeem paub tau.
Cov khoom kim heev lossis cov pwm tuaj yeem kho tau sai thiab yooj yim los ntawm laser hmoov laser hlau cladding. Kev puas tsuaj, loj lossis me, tuaj yeem kho tau sai thiab yuav luag tsis muaj qhov cim. Kev tsim qauv hloov kuj ua tau. Qhov no txuag lub sijhawm, lub zog, thiab cov khoom siv. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov hlau kim xws li npib tsib xee lossis titanium, nws yog qhov tsim nyog heev. Cov piv txwv ntawm daim ntawv thov yog turbine hniav, ntau yam pistons, li qub, shafts, los yog pwm.
Laser kev kho cua sov
Ntau txhiab lub lasers me me (VCSELs) tau teeb tsa rau ntawm ib nti. Txhua lub emitter yog nruab nrog 56 cov chips, thaum lub module muaj ob peb emitters. Lub cheeb tsam hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm muaj ntau lab ntawm micro-lasers thiab tuaj yeem tso zis ntau kilowatts ntawm infrared laser zog.
VCSELs tsim cov kab hluav taws xob ze-infrared nrog cov hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob ntawm 100 W / cm² los ntawm txoj kev loj, kev taw qhia cov kab hluav taws xob hla ntu. Nyob rau hauv txoj cai, qhov no technology yog haum rau tag nrho cov kev lag luam txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau heev meej nto thiab kub tswj.
Laser kho cua sov modules yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau loj-qhov chaw cua sov daim ntaub ntawv qhov twg precision thiab yooj yuav tsum tau. Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem cua sov, cov txheej txheem cua sov tshiab no muaj cov qib siab dua ntawm kev hloov pauv, qhov tseeb, thiab kev txuag nqi.
Cov cuab yeej siv tau los kaw cov hnab ntim cov hnab kom tiv thaiv cov ntawv ci los ntawm wrinkling, yog li ncua lub neej ntawm cov hlwb. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau hauv daim ntawv thov xws li ziab ntawm tes foils, lub teeb impregnation ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, thiab kev kho kom meej ntawm thaj chaw kom sov rau cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb xws li steel thiab silicon wafers.
Laser polishing
Lub mechanism ntawmlaser polishing tshuabyog qhov chaw nqaim fusion thiab nto tshaj fusion, vam khom ntawm qhov chaw thiab rov ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov txheej laser-remelted. Thaum cov hlau nto yog irradiated los ntawm ib tug laser nrog txaus lub zog, lub nto undergoes ib tug tej yam degree ntawm remelting thiab redistribution, thiab du nto yog tiav los ntawm nto tensile stresses thiab lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ua ntej solidification.
Tag nrho cov tuab ntawm cov txheej melting yog tsawg tshaj li qhov siab-rau-nruab qhov siab, yog li tso cai rau tag nrho cov hlau molten kom sau cov troughs nyob ze, lub zog tsav rau qhov txhaws no yog cov nyhuv capillary, thaum lub thicker melting txheej induces cov kua hlau. kom ntws tawm sab nraud los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub pas dej ua ke, lub zog tsav tsheb rau kev faib tawm yog cov nyhuv thermo-capillary lossis Marconi nyhuv.
Daim ntawv thov piv txwv xws li silicon carbide ceramics, cov khoom siv rau lub teeb yuag thiab loj tsom iav tsom iav qhov muag (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov iav loj loj thiab cov duab zoo li lub ntsej muag.) RB-SiC, raws li cov khoom siv high-hardness, complex-theem, muaj qhov nyuaj thiab tsis muaj zog. txheej txheem rau precision polishing ntawm qhov chaw. Los ntawm kev hloov kho qhov chaw ntawm RB-SiC pre-coated nrog Si hmoov los ntawm femtosecond laser, ib qho chaw kho qhov muag nrog nto roughness Sq ntawm 4.45 nm tuaj yeem tau txais tom qab tsuas yog 4.5 teev ntawm polishing, uas txhim kho polishing efficiency ntau tshaj peb zaug piv nrog direct sib tsoo thiab polishing. Laser polishing kuj yog siv dav hauv polishing pwm, cams thiab turbine hniav.
Laser blasting
Laser impact peening, tseem hu ua laser-blasting, yog lub zog siab ceev, siab ua kom pom tseeb, luv pulse laser (λ=1053}nm) irradiation ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau, hlau nto (los yog nqus txheej) nyob rau hauv lub siab zog ceev ntawm lub laser lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub instantaneous tsim ntawm lub plasma tawg, tawg ntawm lub shock yoj nyob rau hauv cov kev txwv nyob rau hauv lub bounding txheej ntawm cov hlau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub hloov mus rau lub nto txheej ntawm nplej ua compressive yas deformation nyob rau hauv lub nto. txheej ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib tug thicker ntau Tau residual compressive kev nyuaj siab, grain refinement thiab lwm yam nto ntxiv dag zog rau cov teebmeem. Piv nrog rau cov tsoos mechanical txhaj tshuaj blasting muaj qhov zoo hauv qab no
1. Strong directionality: lub laser ua nyob rau hauv cov hlau nto ntawm lub kaum sab xis tswj, nrog siab zog conversion efficiency, thaum lub mechanical projectile cuam tshuam lub kaum sab xis yog random;
2. Loj quab yuam: laser-blasting plasma tawg generated los ntawm instantaneous siab mus txog ob peb GPa; lub zog ceev: lub ncov lub zog ceev ntawm lub laser cuam tshuam txog ntau ntau GW / cm2;
Qhov zoo ntawm kev ncaj ncees: laser cuam tshuam rau ntawm qhov chaw yuav luag tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam, thiab tom qab txhaj tshuaj txhua yam, qhov morphology ntawm qhov chaw raug puas tsuaj los tsim kev ntxhov siab.
Laser cuam tshuam tom qab lub siab tshaj plaws compressive kev nyuaj siab tus nqi yog zoo dua, qhov seem residual compressive kev ntxhov siab nce li ntawm 40 feem pua rau 50 feem pua, lub neej qaug zog ntawm lub workpiece, tsis kam mus rau kub kub thiab dabtsi yog khoov molding thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov zauv tau zoo lawm. . Tam sim no, nws tau siv rau hauv kev kho dav hlau saum npoo av, aero-engine deg kho thiab lwm yam.
