Hauv kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Tuam Tshoj tau tsim lub nti - nplai LiDAR qhov system uas ua rau tib neeg lub qhov muag lub ntsej muag los ntawm kev tsom mus rau siab - kev daws teeb meem ntawm thaj chaw txaus siab (ROIs) thaum tswj kev paub dav dav thoob plaws qhov kev pom.
Txoj kev tshawb no tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journalNature Communications.
LiDAR tshuab fais fab tshuab tsis pom kev hauv tus kheej - tsav tsheb, drones, thiab cov neeg hlau los ntawm kev tua cov kab teeb ci rau daim duab 3D scenes nrog millimeter precision. The eye packs its densest sensors in the fovea (sharp central vision spot) and shifts gaze to what's important. Los ntawm qhov sib txawv, feem ntau LiDARs siv cov kab sib dhos tsis sib luag lossis cov kev soj ntsuam uas nthuav dav (feem ntau ntxhib) kev daws teeb meem txhua qhov chaw. Boosting nthuav dav txhais tau tias ntxiv ntau cov channel sib npaug, uas tawg cov nqi, lub zog, thiab qhov nyuaj.
Pab neeg tsim qauv ua tiav "tshaj li -retinal" angular daws teeb meem ntawm 0.012℃hauv ROIs-ob zaug li ntse li lub qhov muag kwv yees li 0.017℃txwv. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub kaw lus tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv cov ntsiab lus sib cais los ntawm cov ces kaum tsawg tshaj plaws, xws li xaiv cov ntsiab lus zoo ntawm txoj kev nyob deb. Nws hloov pauv cov kev sib txuas sib txuas ntawm qhov xav tau, tsis txhob raug nqi brute - quab yuam scaling.
Phys.org tau hais rau txoj kev tshawb fawb co-cov kws sau ntawv, Ruixuan Chen thiab Xingjun Wang, los ntawm Peking University's School of Electronics.
"Qhov kev txhawb siab los ntawm qhov ua tau zoo tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev paub txog kev lom neeg thiab tshuab," cov kws tshawb fawb tau piav qhia. "Lub tib neeg lub qhov muag ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab lub zog ua haujlwm tau zoo los ntawm kev saib xyuas dua- tuav txoj kev paub dav dav thaum xav txog cov peev txheej ntawm qhov tseem ceeb. Los ntawm qhov sib piv, LiDAR kev daws teeb meem feem ntau ua raws li 'ntau txoj kev nyob txhua qhov chaw,' uas sai sai heev thiab muaj hwj chim- tshaib plab."
Qhov teeb meem scaling
Tshuab lub zeem muag tau nthuav dav dhau lub koob yees duab ib txwm muaj xws li LiDAR sensors, uas ua kom muaj kev ntsuas qhov deb thiab 3D ib puag ncig kev nkag siab. Tsis zoo li lub koob yees duab passive, txawm li cas los xij, LiDAR xav tau emission thiab txais kho vajtse rau txhua pixel, capping ua tiav daws teeb meem.
Tam sim no txoj hauv kev los txhim kho LiDAR kev daws teeb meem ntsib qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb. Channel duplication muab cov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws tab sis ua rau muaj kev tawg superlinear hauv qhov nyuaj, lub zog, thiab tus nqi.
"Ua ntej, kev daws teeb meem yog nruj ua ke rau cov khoom siv kho vajtse suav thiab tshuab luam theej duab. Thib ob, LiDAR yog lub zog sensor: txhua pixel ua tau zoo raug nqi xa mus thiab tau txais cov peev txheej," cov kws tshawb fawb tau piav qhia. "Qhov ntawd ua rau kev hloov kho kom pom tseeb nyuaj dua li hauv cov duab tsis pom kev, vim tias koj yuav tsum tswj hwm lub hwj chim kho qhov muag, kev nkag siab ntawm tus neeg txais, thiab digitization bandwidth thaum ntsib qhov muag - kev txwv kev nyab xeeb."
Rau coherent zaus-modulated nruam nthwv dej LiDAR, qhov kev sib tw no tshwj xeeb yog mob. Txhua qhov sib txuas channel yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas kom ruaj khov, kho vajtse txais tos zoo, thiab kev ntsuas nruj. Qhov no ua rau loj heev channel duplication deb dua los ua pov thawj kev lag luam.
Kev daws teeb meem biomimetic
Cov kws tshawb fawb cov kev daws teeb meem ua ke ob lub thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb. Cov no muaj xws li agile sab nraud -kab noj hniav laser (ECL) nrog ib tug tuning ntau tshaj 100 nm, thiab reconfigurable electro-optic zaus combs ua rau nyias- zaj duab xis lithium niobate (TFLN) platforms.
ECL muab siab -FMCW chirp signals zoo rau kev sib koom ua ke thiab ua raws li lub wavelength - tswj beam- lub kauj mechanism. Los ntawm kev kho qhov nruab nrab wavelength, lub kaw lus tuaj yeem hloov kho sai sai rau nws cov kev taw qhia pom nyob rau hauv ib qho kev pom dav dav.
Lub electro-optic zuag ces tsim ntau qhov sib npaug FMCW cov cab kuj los ntawm tib lub laser chirped. Tseem ceeb heev, kho xov tooj cua zaus tsav tej yam kev mob hloov comb spacing.
"Qhov no yog qhov ua kom 'zoom'-peb tuaj yeem ua kom cov ntsiab lus ceev hauv cheeb tsam xaiv (cov qauv zoo dua) lossis so nws (coarser sampling) yam tsis hloov kho qhov muag lossis ntxiv cov channel," cov kws tshawb fawb ntxiv.
Lub kaw lus ntiav cov kws tshawb fawb hu ua "micro-parallelism." Qhov no txhais tau hais tias siv cov xov tooj nruab nrab ntawm lub cev kom ua tiav qhov sib npaug ntawm cov kab scanning ntau dua los ntawm dynamic repositioning.
Kev sim validation
Pab neeg no tau pom cov txheej txheem muaj peev xwm hla peb qhov kev sim, ua tiav angular daws teeb meem ntawm 0.012℃hauv cov cheeb tsam tsom mus rau -tshaj tus tib neeg retina qhov kev txwv nominal.
Hauv kev yees duab zoo li qub, lub kaw lus tau ntes ib puag ncig kev simulated ntawm kev daws teeb meem ntawm 54 x 71 pixels rau tag nrho daim teb - ntawm - saib scans thiab 17 los ntawm 71 pixels rau kev tsom xam hauv zos. Cov kev soj ntsuam tsom xam quadrupled qhov ntsug nthuav dav dav, nthuav tawm cov teeb meem yav dhau los tsis pom, nrog 90% ntawm cov ntsiab lus meej mus rau hauv qab 1.3 cm.
Cov kws tshawb fawb kuj tau ua qauv qhia LiDAR- lub koob yees duab fusion, tsim cov huab cua xim uas sib xyaw ua ke 3D geometry nrog RGB cov ntaub ntawv zoo li. Thaum sib piv cov qauv piv rau kev tsom xam, xim histogram kev sib raug zoo tau zoo tuaj ntawm kwv yees li 10%, qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm 3D cov ntsiab lus thiab cov duab pixels.
"Los ntawm kev sib xyaw LiDAR nrog lub koob yees duab, peb tsim cov huab cua xim xim thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm qhov chaw sawv cev, uas txhim kho kev txhais lus thiab txhawb nqa kev nkag siab ntawm cov dej ntws uas nyob ntawm qhov kev ntxhib los mos thiab cov lus hais lus," cov kws tshawb fawb tau piav qhia.
Tej zaum qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, pab pawg tau ntes tau tiag tiag -lub sijhawm 4D-ntxiv rau cov duab- ntaus pob ncaws pob qhov twg txhua qhov taw qhia pom txoj haujlwm, kiv nrawm, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw, thiab xim ib txhij. Ntawm 8 Hz thoob plaws qhov kev pom dav dav, qhov no tau nthuav tawm cov qauv kev txav tsis pom rau tus qauv 3D LiDAR.
Kev sim ua haujlwm tau nthuav tawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb- theem kev sib pauv uas qhia txog txoj hauv kev txhim kho yav tom ntej.
"Qhov tseeb tshaj plaws yog qhov nro ntawm kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub kaum sab xis thiab ib qho -channel ntsuas qhov taub," cov kws tshawb fawb tau sau tseg. "Nyob rau hauv peb qhov sib txuas sib txuas nyeem ntawv, txhua qhov channel yuav tsum tuav nws tus kheej uas tsis yog - sib tshooj hluav taws xob sib tshooj. Thaum peb txo qhov rov ua dua, peb tuaj yeem thawb lub angular sampling finer, tab sis qhov kev sim qhia tau hais tias qhov no kuj compresses ib -channel readout bandwidth."
Pab neeg no tau txheeb xyuas ntau cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau kev nce qib thev naus laus zis mus rau kev xa tawm. Cov no suav nrog kev sib sib zog nqus monolithic ntawm TFLN platforms, kev loj hlob ntawm ultra-wideband swept qhov chaw rau kev txhim kho ntau yam kev daws teeb meem, thiab kev siv cov kaw- voj kev saib xyuas txoj cai rau kev tshwm sim- tsav kev xaav.
Cov kev sim tam sim no siv cov kev sib txuas fiber ntau qhia txog polarization instability uas txwv tsis pub muaj peev xwm faib cov khoom siv.
"Txawm li cas los xij, peb xav tias kev sib koom ua ke monolithic yuav daws qhov teeb meem no," cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais. "Los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj hauv kev tsis ruaj khov mus rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm -chip waveguides, peb tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev rov ua kom ruaj khov polarization."
Lub bionic LiDAR system muaj peev xwm siv tau dav siv tsheb, dav hlau thiab marine drones, robotics, thiab neuromorphic vision systems. Tshaj LiDAR, cov combs reconfigurable pab ceev spectral tsom xam rau kho qhov muag kev sib txuas lus, coherence tomography, compressive sensing, thiab precision metrology, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb.
